Everything about Juan Gin S De Sep Lveda totally explained
Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda (
1494 -
1573) was a
Spanish Dominican,
philosopher and
theologian. He was the adversary of
Bartolomé de las Casas in the
Valladolid Controversy in
1550 concerning the justification of the Spanish Conquest of the Indies. Sepúlveda was the defender of the
Spanish Empire's
right of conquest, of
colonization and of
evangelization in the so-called
New World. He argued on the base of
natural law philosophy and developed a position which was different from the position of the
School of Salamanca, which had
Francisco de Vitoria as one of its most famous representatives.
The Valladolid Controversy was organized by
King Charles V (grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella) to give an answer to the question whether the
Native Americans were capable of self-governance. Sepúlveda defended the position of the colonists, claiming that the
Amerindians were "natural
slaves" as defined by
Aristotle in Book I of "The Politics." "Those whose condition is such that their function is the use of their bodies and nothing better can be expected of them, those, I say, are slaves of nature. It is better for them to be ruled thus." He said the natives are "as children to parents, as women are to men, as cruel people are from mild people". He wrote this in
Democrates alter de justis belli causis apud Indios (
A Second Democritus: on the just causes of the war with the Indians). Although Aristotle was a primary source for Sepulveda's argument, he also pulled from various other
Christian and classical sources, including the
Bible. Las Casas utilized the same sources in his counterargument. According to Las Casas
Jesus had power over all people in the world, including those who never heard of Christianity. Las Casas thought they should be governed just like any other people in Spain, while Sepúlveda thought they should become slaves. Nowadays Sepúlveda's opinions would be considered extremely
racist, though in the
16th century they weren't extraordinary. At the end of the debate, Charles V adopted neither Sepulveda's or de las Casa's arguments and adopted Francisco de Vitoria's recommendations.
Sepúlveda translated several of
Aristotle's works into
Latin (for example
Parva naturalia 1522,
Politics =
De re publica 1548).
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